As of 2026, the debate over Optional Practical Training (OPT) and Duration of Status (D/S) is heating up, with new proposals from the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) that could significantly impact F-1 visa students. These changes may limit OPT opportunities and replace the current flexible D/S system with fixed admission periods, creating uncertainty for students seeking post-graduation work experience. The proposals have sparked concerns about talent retention and the U.S.’s ability to stay competitive globally. Students and universities alike are now facing an uncertain future, with potential changes on the horizon.
What Are the Proposed Changes to the Duration of Status (D/S) Policy?
Currently, F-1 students enjoy an indefinite stay as long as they maintain their student status, which includes the flexibility to transition into OPT. This is known as “Duration of Status” (D/S). However, DHS has proposed replacing this with fixed periods (e.g., 2 or 4 years) for students, requiring them to apply for extensions if they want to continue their studies or stay on OPT.
This shift creates uncertainty for students, as they may face delays and risks in securing extensions, especially when transitioning to OPT. The proposed changes could result in administrative burdens and potentially lead to denials, which would be detrimental to students looking to stay in the U.S. for post-graduate work.
What Is the Impact on OPT?
OPT allows international students to work in the U.S. for 12 months after graduation, with a 24-month extension for STEM graduates. However, recent proposals aim to limit this program, particularly for STEM fields. The proposed restrictions could reduce the length of OPT or even eliminate it entirely in certain sectors, based on national security or economic concerns.
Some proposals may also require more detailed reporting from students, changes to FICA taxes, and make OPT contingent on extensions, potentially deterring employers from hiring OPT candidates due to uncertainty around employment authorization.
Why Does This Matter to International Students?
These changes have significant consequences for international students and U.S. universities. The most immediate impact is the uncertainty it creates for current and prospective students. Many students rely on OPT to gain valuable work experience, contributing to U.S. innovation and the economy. If OPT becomes more difficult to obtain or shorter in duration, students may look elsewhere for opportunities, reducing the talent pool available to U.S. employers.
For universities, these changes could mean increased costs and advising loads as they navigate new rules and compliance requirements. The added complexities could deter students from enrolling, especially in fields where OPT is essential for post-graduation employment.
Could the “Cap-Gap” Extension Be Affected?
One of the most contentious issues is whether the “Cap-Gap” extension, which currently allows students with pending H-1B petitions to extend their OPT until October 1st, will be eliminated. This extension has been crucial for many students transitioning from OPT to H-1B status, and its loss would further complicate employment opportunities.
Economic Impact: How Will U.S. Employers Be Affected?
OPT has been a crucial pathway for international students to contribute to the U.S. economy, especially in STEM fields. Restricting OPT could lead to a loss of highly skilled workers in industries that rely on international talent. Companies that have historically hired OPT graduates may become hesitant to do so, given the uncertainty surrounding work permits and employment authorization.
Moreover, proposed delays in processing extensions or additional burdens on employers could make OPT candidates less attractive. This could ultimately harm U.S. innovation and competitiveness, as companies would need to seek talent from other countries.
What Are the Legislative and Administrative Proposals?
In addition to the DHS proposal, there have been several legislative attempts to restrict or eliminate OPT. The Fairness for High-Skilled Americans Act of 2025 (H.R. 2315) seeks to eliminate the OPT program. While these efforts are still in the legislative process, they signal a broader shift towards tightening immigration laws related to international students and their post-graduation opportunities.
On the administrative side, DHS continues to push for more oversight and changes to the OPT program. This includes narrowing the eligibility criteria and making it more difficult for students to transition from studies to work without additional applications and scrutiny.
How Will This Affect University Enrollment?
These changes could have a substantial impact on university enrollment, particularly in high-demand fields such as engineering, computer science, and healthcare. International students often choose U.S. universities for the opportunity to gain work experience through OPT, and the uncertainty caused by these proposals could deter potential students from applying. This could lead to a decline in international student enrollment, which is an important revenue source for many U.S. universities.
What Can Students Do to Prepare?
Students currently enrolled in the U.S. or considering studying here should be proactive in preparing for potential changes. Here are some steps to consider:
- Stay Informed: Regularly check for updates on OPT regulations and policies from USCIS and your university’s international student office.
- Consult Your Designated School Official (DSO): Your DSO is a valuable resource in navigating the application process for OPT and extensions. They can help you understand how changes might affect your individual situation.
- File Early: If extensions become necessary, file your application early to avoid any gaps in your status.
- Explore Alternative Visa Options: Stay informed about other visa options, such as the H-1B or O-1 visa, in case OPT becomes less accessible.
FAQ’s
1. What is the new rule for the duration of status?
The new rule proposes replacing “Duration of Status” (D/S) with fixed admission periods for F-1 students, typically 2 to 4 years. Students will need to apply for extensions to stay beyond their initial period.
2. Is OPT coming to an end?
There are proposals to restrict or eliminate OPT, especially for STEM fields. However, OPT is not ending immediately, but changes are expected that could limit its availability and duration.
3. How long does OPT status last?
OPT typically lasts for 12 months after graduation, with a 24-month extension available for STEM graduates, making the total possible OPT period 36 months.
4. Why is USCIS so slow in 2025?
USCIS processing times have been slow due to increased workloads, stricter regulations, and additional scrutiny on OPT applications. Delays are also influenced by staffing shortages and resource constraints.
Conclusion
The OPT restrictions and the proposed changes to the Duration of Status policy in 2026 are creating a complex landscape for international students. While some argue these changes are necessary for national security, others worry that they could undermine the U.S.’s global competitiveness. Students and universities must stay informed and prepared for these shifts, and advocates must continue to push for policies that balance national security concerns with the need to retain top talent in the U.S.
